Romania is at an important moment when it comes to adopting artificial intelligence (AI). While the national AI strategy is clearly defined, its success largely depends on how cultural values and leadership styles are integrated into the digital transformation process.
According to analyses based on the Hofstede and GLOBE cultural models, Romania is characterized by hierarchy, collectivism, and a high aversion to uncertainty. Romanians tend to prefer clear rules, moral authority, and leadership that is empathetic yet firm. In this context, AI cannot be effectively adopted through technological innovation alone, ethical governance, coherent digital infrastructure, and the direct involvement of public administration are also essential.
International data reflects this reality. Romania ranks 58th out of 193 in the Government AI Readiness Index 2024 and 48th in the Global Innovation Index 2024, with governance rated as “medium-plus” by the World Governance Indicators. However, the lack of digital skills (fewer than 30% of the population have basic digital abilities) and the fragmented state of public IT infrastructure hinder progress.
The European Commission, through the AI Continent Action Plan, urges member states to build human-centric AI ecosystems rooted in ethics, transparency, and inclusion. For Romania, this model is achievable, but it must be adapted to the national context.
What Should Be Done?
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Accelerate AI implementation in public administration and education through centralized yet consultative policies;
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Invest in public digital infrastructure, government cloud, open data, and cybersecurity;
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Develop human capital in AI, both in the public and education sectors;
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Build responsible institutional leadership that actively promotes ethical and socially beneficial AI.
Romania has the opportunity to define its own model of AI integration, one that reflects its cultural and institutional realities. Rather than copying models from Germany, the US, or China, we must forge our own path, balancing innovation with stability, and technology with public trust.